Nvidia plans $۲۵۰bn push to bolster OpenAI’s infrastructure ambitions

Semiconductor giant Nvidia is reportedly undergoing talks with OpenAI to provide funding guarantees for a data centre in Ohio.

The $۲۵۰bn deal, which was first reported by The Wall Street Journal, would help the ChatGPT owner lease a ۱۰-gigawatt project that SB Energy, a subsidiary of SoftBank, is building in Piketon, Ohio, ۶۸ miles (۱۰۹km) south of Columbus, Ohio.

The project could cost more than $۵۰۰bn, including chips that would go inside the data centre, and is expected to deliver as much as ۸۰۰ megawatts of electricity by ۲۰۲۸, which is enough to power ۶۴۰,۰۰۰ homes.

The power supply will come from a separate $۳۳bn US government deal with Japan for a natural gas plant.

The $۲۵۰bn guarantee covers the lease for the centre but does not cover the chips within the centre, which are worth another $۳۵۰bn. However, Jensen Huang-led Nvidia said it is also in talks for that as well.

In June, The Information reported that Sam Altman-led OpenAI signed a potential ۲۰-year lease with AI controlling both its own equipment and payment of the facilities. The Ohio centre where OpenAI will have space if the deal ultimately goes through will be a public-private partnership in which the US Department of Energy (DOE) allowed SoftBank to build the world’s largest AI data centre on leased land.

Ohio with ۱۶۶ centres and another ۵۷ planned has the fourth most operational data centres in the United States after Virginia, Texas and California.

The deal would open OpenAI’s infrastructure ambitions as it has otherwise been renting from other tech giants, including Amazon, Oracle and Microsoft.

But analysts questioned if these multibillion-dollar commitments could be fruitful for a start-up that is valued at $۸۵۲bn when it is unprofitable and its partners – firms that provide data centres, chips and processing power – held as much as $۹۶bn of debt as of November.

Financing concerns

Critics like Aleksandar Tomic, associate dean at Boston College, said the newly reported deal is the latest example of circular financing across the AI industry that blurs what is legitimate market demand.

“What is happening right now with OpenAI and others  is that they have the need for computing, but apparently they don’t really have the revenue or the financial capability to engage in the capital expenditures necessary to support their activities,” Tomic said.

“Nvidia steps in and provides some funding so they can continue buying Nvidia chips. Where the demand for the whole chain is coming from or where the money is coming from becomes a really big issue.”

In ۲۰۲۵ alone, OpenAI said it would buy $۲۵۰bn of cloud services from Microsoft, which happens to be one of the AI giant’s backers. Also in ۲۰۲۵, Nvidia said it would invest $۱۰۰bn into OpenAI to build out data centres that would use its chips. In early ۲۰۲۶, Nvidia pledged $۳۰bn to OpenAI.

Companies including Nvidia, Microsoft and Oracle have invested billions into AI developers only for them to become large purchasers of their cloud computing services, which results in the very same capital going through multiple companies, appearing as revenue, according to Tomic.

This is akin to ۱۹۹۹, Tomic says, when companies would buy products from each other, making demand look stronger than it was, which was ultimately one of the factors that led to the dot-com bubble.

“Companies would engage in circular financing deals where they would essentially buy from each other and make it look like there was greater demand for their services than there really was. At some point, the money runs out,” Tomic said.

“In other words, the demand is not as big as it appears to be because the companies are buying from each other, using their own money to some degree, as opposed to OpenAI having tremendous customer demand, monetising it properly and then using customers’ money to buy Nvidia chips. They’re essentially using Nvidia’s money to buy Nvidia chips.”

Michael Monaghan, founder of Founder’s ETF, sees it much differently

“Like a lot of things in life, there is a downside or upside spin, and that’s kind of the downside spin. The upside spin is that this is an economy. You caught me having just grabbed a coffee at my coffee shop, so that’s me buying something from him. He could then take that money and invest it in my fund,” Monaghan said.

“That’s not necessarily circular financing. That’s just an economy. I understand the pushback, but I think there is less substance there.”

Nvidia’s stock was down ۴.۹ percent in midday trading on Monday on the heels of the announcement. Tomic says it points to a broader issue with Nvidia and chipmakers like it.

“If everything is so hunky-dory and everything is full steam ahead in the entire AI ecosystem, why is this kind of deal even needed? I think that’s what’s giving the market jitters because the question is: Why is this necessary? Why is Nvidia trying to juice up demand for its chips in this particular way?” Tomic said.

Nvidia’s stock is generally trending upwards. It is up ۴ percent for the year to date, ۱۱ percent in the past year and ۹۰۸ percent in the past five years.

Political pushback

Regardless, data centres across the country have become a political flashpoint for candidates left, right and centre, which could put pressure on future projects.

New York last week became the first US state to officially put a one-year moratorium on new data centre construction. At least a dozen other states have proposed similar legislation although New York’s legislation went the furthest.

In Utah on the heels of the state’s primary elections, the powerful state Senate president lost his re-election bid to secure the Republican nomination after supporting a data centre backed by investor Kevin O’Leary, losing to an opponent who did not back the data centre.

In Texas, Republican Governor Greg Abbott called in late June for a ban on data centre construction in rural areas. On the other side of the aisle, James Talarico, a state Democratic congressman who is in a tight race with Republican Ken Paxton for a US Senate seat in what has historically been a reliably conservative state, unveiled a proposal late last week to curb data centre construction.

The Democrat’s proposal would end tax breaks for data centre construction in a state that is second in the number of currently open and planned data centres in the US, at ۴۶۶ total, second only to Virginia.

His proposal would also require operators to pay for the power grid and give local communities more say on whether they want a data centre built in their area, which, according to a recent Gallup poll, ۷۱ percent of Americans oppose.

Monaghan does not see the political pressure as something that will put massive pressure on the industry to scale back or backtrack.

“I don’t know if there’s a major historical precedent for undoing something that large once it’s completed. So in this specific case, I don’t think there’s a lot of regulatory risk. On the general use of data centres, I don’t see a kind of the Luddite version of the world becoming a real worldview.”

Neither OpenAI nor Nvidia responded to Al Jazeera’s request for comment.