Fire weather in the EU has broken records for severity for this time of year, new data shows, as firefighters race to extinguish blazes across the Mediterranean.
Inflamed by carbon pollution, the hot, dry and windy weather across the EU since the start of the year has been ۴۳% more severe than the end-of-July average over the last two decades, data from the European Forest Fire Information Service (Effis) shows.
Three firefighters died in Greece on Tuesday, officials said, while firefighters in France and Spain made overnight progress tackling monster blazes that have burned dangerously close to large cities.
The figures, which were published on Thursday but may be revised further, showed that so far this year ۴۳۵,۰۰۰ hectares (۱,۰۷۵,۰۰۰ acres) have burned, roughly triple the recent historical average. The devastation is the result of ۱,۴۰۰ fires, more than double the average.
In France, where a blaze in the dense pine forests near Bordeaux grew so big it generated a rare thunderstorm that could ignite more fires, a total of ۹۱,۰۰۰ hectares have burned, according to Effis, breaking the country’s record for a full year of fires – with one month of summer still to go.
Regional authorities in Gironde said the fire remained under control after a quiet night, with continuing work around its edge and in active hotspots. It expected temperatures on Thursday to be “fairly favourable” after Wednesday’s ۳۸C heat and strong winds hampered firefighting efforts.
They allowed a further ۸۴,۰۰۰ people to return home on Thursday, after ۶۰,۰۰۰ people were given the green light on Tuesday.
In Spain, which saw its largest wildfire on record west of Madrid, a total of ۲۰۷,۰۰۰ hectares have burned across the country, according to Effis. The figure is nearly five times the average for this time of year but shy of the devastation reached by late July during the ۲۰۲۲ fires.
Regional authorities in Madrid said the fire situation had been declared “stable” but residents of seven housing estates were unable to return home. Pedro Sánchez, the Spanish prime minister, announced the end of the national emergency in the regions of Ávila and Madrid on Thursday morning.
However, a new fire near the Portuguese border prompted the evacuation of ۶۰۰ people, officials said. Aemet, the Spanish meteorological agency, said temperatures above ۳۵C were expected on Thursday in large areas of the country’s interior, with some regions bracing for highs of ۴۰-۴۲C.
Wildfires in France and Spain have forced more than ۳۰۰,۰۰۰ people from their homes and tourist accommodation this month, prompting both countries to request EU support in the form of firefighters, fire engines, and water-dropping planes and helicopters.
Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, thanked firefighters for their “courage and commitment” on Wednesday as crews sent by Romania and Greece extended their stays. “As the fires in France and Spain continue to ravage, European solidarity knows no limit.”
Difficult weeks ahead are expected as fires worsen in Italy and Greece, officials at the EU’s crisis management centre said on Wednesday morning. Later that day, the Greek fire department announced the deaths of two firefighters who were tackling a blaze on the island of Crete, and of another in the south of the mainland.
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Greece has so far had an relatively calm fires season, Effis data up to ۲۹ July shows, with slightly fewer fires than usual but a burned area well below the average.
Meanwhile, Italy and Portugal have seen near-record breaking numbers of fires, and burned areas well above average. The countries have so far been spared the scale of destruction experienced by France and Spain, but one firefighter died in Italy last week while tackling ferocious blazes in Sicily.
Climate breakdown is causing Europe to burn this summer, with a series of almost back-to-back heatwaves drying out vegetation and providing a vast fuel surplus that has allowed small fires to grow into raging infernos.
Sánchez, the Spanish prime minister, repeated calls to create a “national pact” to address the climate emergency during a visit to a command post on Wednesday.
“These fires may or may not be caused by humans, but in any case, they increase exponentially as a result of these high temperatures, low humidity, and also the atmospheric phenomena that these fires, these large fires, cause in our forests,” he said.
Rapid analyses have found western Europe’s June heatwave would have been “virtually impossible” in a world without climate breakdown, while the level of soil dryness – a major factor in bigger blazes – was made five times more likely. The heatwaves are estimated to have killed at least ۱۰,۰۰۰ people and cost grain farmers €۲bn (£۱.۷bn) in lost crops.
The increase in temperatures from fossil fuel pollution has come as rural regions in southern Europe have hollowed out, with farms being abandoned as populations age and young people move to cities. The resultant overgrowth in vegetation has troubled firefighters and wildfire researchers across the Mediterranean.
