The Productivity Commission (PC) has criticised the controversial GST deal with Western Australia as a costly mistake that should be reversed, saying tens of billions of dollars of taxpayer money has since gone to the country’s richest state.
An interim report from a PC review of the deal said the reform – requested by WA and implemented under the former Morrison government with Labor’s support – had achieved almost none of its objectives and had made the system less equitable.
Alex Robson, the PC’s deputy chair, said the deal had “reshaped a system that needed targeted reform, leaving taxpayers with a large and growing bill”.
“The system should be brought back to its core purpose: ensuring that all states and territories are able to offer Australians a similar standard of services and infrastructure no matter where they live,” Robson said.
States and territories receive a greater or smaller share of the roughly $۱۰۰bn annual GST pool on a per person basis depending on their fiscal capacity, as judged annually by the independent Commonwealth Grants Commission.
But the ۲۰۱۸ deal– struck after WA’s share of the GST pool had plummeted as a result of the mining boom – placed an effective floor under any individual state’s share. Currently, no state can receive a lower per-person share than New South Wales or Victoria.
Making sure no other state or territory is left worse off as a result of the WA deal was previously forecast to cost the federal government about $۵bn by ۲۰۲۴-۲۵.
But the changes have ended up costing taxpayers nearly $۲۳bn, with the PC concluding that only WA has benefited from the change.
Based on budget forecasts, the total cost of the deal will reach $۶۰bn by ۲۰۲۹-۳۰.
Angela Jackson, a commissioner at the PC, said the deal has created perverse outcomes.
“If a state like South Australia improves its fiscal position, they get less GST because they are considered to need it less,” Jackson said.
“If Western Australia improves its fiscal position, they either don’t lose any GST or potentially receive even more”.
The damning report adds to fierce criticism from leading economists such as Saul Eslake, who has labeled the ۲۰۱۸ reforms as “the worst public policy decision of the ۲۱st century”.
Jackson outlined a situation where a devastating bushfire in NSW could mean WA would also receive more GST revenue – for a natural disaster it didn’t have.
The interim report was released immediately after a meeting of the state and federal treasurers, with all jurisdictions bar Western Australia in favour of a major overhaul of the current system – although each has their own grievances.
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David Janetzki, the Queensland treasurer, said the PC had recognised the need to overhaul the “unfair” GST distribution system, particularly to address concerns around the treatment of resource-rich states.
“Jim Chalmers now has a clear choice – he can continue to defend a broken system or finally stick up for his home state and the national interest,” Janetzki said.
The PC recommended, as the third and least desirable option, that if the government did not want to change the WA deal, it should at least recognise this commitment by making the no-worse-off payments permanent.
But the clamour for change is unlikely to sway the government or opposition, who know their political fortunes are tied to winning votes in the country’s west.
Anthony Albanese in early ۲۰۲۴ pledged to maintain the deal by signing a promise on a West Australian journalist’s arm. On Friday, the prime minister said WA “deserves a fair deal” as the state was “a driver of our national economy”.
No-worse-off payments associated with the ۲۰۱۸ deal cost taxpayers $۶.۴bn in ۲۰۲۴-۲۵ alone – an amount the PC said could have paid for a tax cut of more than $۴۵۰ for every taxpayer.
“If iron ore prices or production volumes rise, they [the no-worse-off payments] could reach $۱۲bn per year,’ Robson said.
The PC will do further consultation ahead of a final report due by the end of the year.
