French officials have opened an investigation into the attempted murder of a police officer and Germany’s interior minister has called for harsh penalties after peaceful and mainly youth-led protests across Europe ended in violence.
In Portugal, police – some with dogs – cleared protest camps with baton charges, while security forces in Switzerland were attacked with paving stones.
Protests over the education system, deteriorating public services, declining prospects, unaffordable housing and the spiralling cost of living have shaken a number of countries this autumn.
Violence erupted in the French capital as well as Marseille, Grenoble, Bordeaux, Lyon and Toulouse on Saturday night after an estimated ۳۲۰,۰۰۰ demonstrators, some in Halloween costume, took to the streets.
As the rallies ended, masked and hooded rioters arrived and caused what the interior minister, Laurent Nuñez, described as an “extraordinary” level of violence. More than ۷۷۰ people were arrested.
In Paris, the prosecutor’s office said incendiary devices were thrown at a group of about ۱۵ gendarmes and police officers and a formal investigation had been opened for “attempted murder of persons vested with public authority”.
Injuries reportedly included second-degree burns in an incident captured on mobile phone video and shared on social media and broadcast on French television.
The level of physical violence and looting was significantly lower than on ۱۷ October, when ۲,۶۰۰ people were arrested and as many as ۳,۰۰۰ shops pillaged in one of the worst nights of urban unrest in France’s recent history.
In Germany, looters and rioters rampaged through Frankfurt, the country’s financial hub, damaging stores and injuring more than ۱۰۰ police officers.
“The rioters and looters will be identified and held accountable,” said Alexander Dobrindt, the hardline interior minister. He singled out “violent left-wing groups and troublemakers from the migrant community”, adding: “Tough penalties must follow this breach of the peace.”
Dobrindt told the tabloid newspaper Bild that deploying a heavy police presence across multiple locations had been effective. “Excesses of violence like those in Paris were prevented thanks to our highly committed police forces,” he said.
More than ۱۰۰,۰۰۰ protesters marched in over ۳۰ German cities on Saturday to demand better education and lower living costs in protests led by the “Gen Z regelt” (Gen Z will sort it) campaign.
Hooded rioters damaged ۱۷ Frankfurt shops, looting five of them, and threw missiles including petrol bombs, according to Roman Poseck, the state interior minister for Hesse.
More than ۱۰۰ of the ۱,۳۰۰ police officers deployed in the city were injured and ۵۴ suspects, aged from ۱۳ to ۲۹, were arrested. “I am shocked by what I have seen, and there is no point in sugar-coating it. Let me make this very clear: things cannot go on like this,” Poseck said.
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Most of those arrested were German nationals, the minister said, adding that police estimated they had been confronted with “between ۱,۰۰۰ and ۱,۵۰۰ violent troublemakers, predominantly from a migrant background”.
Violence also broke out Saturday night in Cologne, where police used water cannon to disperse the crowd, and in Berlin, where protesters attacked police with bottles and fireworks. Gen Z regelt posted a statement distancing itself from all violence.
In Portugal, riot police removed protesters by force from Rossio Square in Lisbon at about ۴.۳۰am on Sunday after thousands of people angry at the housing crisis marched through the city on Saturday and set up camp.
The protesters want Portugal’s minority centre-right government to withdraw a bill that makes evictions easier and ends rent caps on new leases. A smaller camp in Porto was also cleared by force.
In Albania, masked protesters hurled stones and firebombs at police in the capital, Tirana, on the margins of a demonstration demanding the resignation of the prime minister, Edi Rama, over perceived corruption.
Youths threw paving stones and firebombs at police and set fire to rubbish bins at the end of a largely peaceful protest. The interior ministry said on Friday that ۳۵۰ people had been hurt in the protests, including ۲۰۰ police, with ۲۶۹ minors arrested.
In Switzerland, hundreds of protesters gathered in Zürich and Basel on Saturday night for unauthorised demonstrations – both of which ended in violence – under the slogan: “We’ve had enough in Switzerland, too.”
In Zürich, police used water cannon, teargas and rubber bullets to disperse rioters attacking them with fireworks, bottles and stones, Swiss media reported. A police patrol car was damaged and rubbish bins and electric bikes set on fire.
In Basel, police said about ۱۵۰ people gathered in the city centre at around ۹pm. Shop windows were smashed, facades tagged with graffiti and bins and bikes set on fire, with incidents also reported in Geneva.
